- Donald Menzel 1945–1949
- Fred Whipple 1949–1956
- Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin 1956–1960
- William Liller 1960–1964
- Charles Whitney 1964–1965 (acting)
- William Liller 1965–1966
- Leo Goldberg 1966–1970
- Alexander Dalgarno 1970–1976
- Alastair Cameron 1976–1982
- William Press 1982–1985
- Jonathan Grindlay 1985–1990
- Robert Kirshner 1990–1997
- Ramesh Narayan 1997–2001
- Jonathan Grindlay 2001–2003
- Lars Hernquist 2003–2006
- James Moran 2006–2011
- Abraham Loeb 2011–2020
- Daniel Eistestein 2020-